Cryptopedia
量子计算
Quantum computing is a new way of computation by controlling the quantum bits based on quantum mechanics. With a far faster and stronger computation, quantum computing can work out the problems that can’t be solved by classical computing. Google’s latest quantum computer designed in 2019 can compute a problem in 200 seconds, the speed equivalent of the most efficient classical computer of the world working for 10,000 years. Besides, IBM and other tech giants have invested substantial sums into research and development. Despite an unmatured technology, the prospect of quantum computers is still profound.
The Attack towards Blockchain
Blockchain’s safety closely links to the Hash function which can be regarded as irreversible because its input is impossible to be worked out based on the current computing. Therefore, the hackers are not likely to decode the private keys that are encrypted by the Hash function so that they have little chance to pose threats to the blockchain. However, supposing that the quantum computers are widely used, and then the Hash function probably becomes reversible. By that, if the private keys can be decoded according to the addresses and public keys, the node accounts are easily attacked. Once there is a 51% attack, the private keys in the Eater address and burnt tokens might be retrieved, potentially causing network disruption.
Methods to Cope with the Attack
Quantum computing is not a threat to blockchain. Instead, it brings new opportunities to blockchain’s development. Also, quantum blockchain can be developed in the future to cope with the quantum computing attack, said Del Rajan and the Matt Visser Vitoria University of Wellington. At present, the Russian Quantum Center has already developed a blockchain that can counter the quantum computing, and the initial test was successfully finished. Researchers stated that the key to the success of the new mode blockchain is to completely give up the current security and protection mechanism by replacing the digital signature with quantum code technology which is based on the quantum entanglement.
Currently, the R&D of quantum computers is still at an early stage. And there are only ten quantum computers in the world, which does not pose a menace to the blockchain. Actually, the quantum code is developed to resist quantum computing at the same time as quantum computers are under exploration. Hence, it is not a catastrophe to welcome quantum computers.
The Attack towards Blockchain
Blockchain’s safety closely links to the Hash function which can be regarded as irreversible because its input is impossible to be worked out based on the current computing. Therefore, the hackers are not likely to decode the private keys that are encrypted by the Hash function so that they have little chance to pose threats to the blockchain. However, supposing that the quantum computers are widely used, and then the Hash function probably becomes reversible. By that, if the private keys can be decoded according to the addresses and public keys, the node accounts are easily attacked. Once there is a 51% attack, the private keys in the Eater address and burnt tokens might be retrieved, potentially causing network disruption.
Methods to Cope with the Attack
Quantum computing is not a threat to blockchain. Instead, it brings new opportunities to blockchain’s development. Also, quantum blockchain can be developed in the future to cope with the quantum computing attack, said Del Rajan and the Matt Visser Vitoria University of Wellington. At present, the Russian Quantum Center has already developed a blockchain that can counter the quantum computing, and the initial test was successfully finished. Researchers stated that the key to the success of the new mode blockchain is to completely give up the current security and protection mechanism by replacing the digital signature with quantum code technology which is based on the quantum entanglement.
Currently, the R&D of quantum computers is still at an early stage. And there are only ten quantum computers in the world, which does not pose a menace to the blockchain. Actually, the quantum code is developed to resist quantum computing at the same time as quantum computers are under exploration. Hence, it is not a catastrophe to welcome quantum computers.
