According to Google Quantum AI, on Thursday the company achieved a major breakthrough in quantum computing by reducing errors about 40-fold on its Willow processor using a technique called magic state cultivation, producing magic states with 99.99% fidelity, according to a paper published in Science. Magic states are single-use resources critical to running useful quantum programs, with production costs previously estimated at up to 95% of a quantum computer's total capacity. The breakthrough suggests quantum computers may soon become practical enough to threaten encryption systems: Google's estimates indicate RSA-2048 encryption could fall within reach using under a million noisy qubits, though actually breaking the encryption would require magic states with error rates near one in ten billion, roughly a million times cleaner than what has been achieved so far.

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